Title: The individual description of the item.
Subtitle: Additional description of the item, where applicable.
Section: The classification of the item into a topic subdivision, e.g. News, Reviews, and Business and Finance.
Author: The author of the item.
Supplement title: The title of the supplement containing the item, where applicable.
Date: The date on which the item was published.
Page number: The page number(s) of the item.
Issue number: The issue number of the magazine containing the item.
Volume number: The volume number of the magazine containing the item.

Search allows you to conduct a keyword search and impose limitations on date, media and supplement type to retrieve very specific results.

Browse by Date allows you to browse entire issues by date.

While every effort has been made to ensure the reliability of the information presented in this archive, Cengage Learning does not guarantee the accuracy of the information contained herein. Cengage Learning accepts no payment for listings and inclusion in this archive of any organisation, agency, institution, publisher, service, product or individual and does not imply endorsement by the editors or the Publisher.
 
Errors brought to the attention of the Publisher and verified to the satisfaction of the Publisher will be corrected.
 
This archive is a creative work copyrighted by Cengage Learning and is fully protected by all applicable copyright laws, as well as by misappropriation, trade secret, unfair competition, and other applicable laws. The authors and editors of this archive have added value to the underlying factual material herein through one or more of the following: unique and original selection, coordination, expression, arrangement and classification of information.
 
Cengage Learning will vigorously defend all rights to this product.

Cengage Learning's agreement with The Economist, grants the Publisher rights which do not include reproduction of images outside of The Economist Historical Archive, 1843-2006. If you wish to include any images in a book or article, please contact Cengage Learning EMEA in the first instance, c/o Publishing Department, Cheriton House, North Way, Andover, SP10 5BE, United Kingdom, setting out the purpose and intended distribution of the material you would like to reproduce.

The Search option is accessible via the Begin Searching tab on the home page, or via the Navigation Bar, shown below.

The Search option enables you to search the entire archive for the presence of any word or words within the full text and the metadata. Enter a phrase or term(s) using Boolean search operators of AND NOT, AND, OR. If searching on a phrase that contains a Boolean search operator you must enclose the phrase within double quotation marks. Search terms or phrases entered cannot exceed one hundred characters or twelve words.

In addition, you can limit your search by date. To expand the Search options, select the More button. Further options for limiting by date range, media and supplement type are then displayed. Exact dates of publication do not need to be entered into the date search, as the issue that follows the selected date will be returned. The table below provides descriptions of the search limiters you may employ.

The Fuzzy Search feature, deactivated by default, expands your search results to include very near matches on your search term. Click on the Fuzzy is off button to activate this feature. Clicking the Search button will execute your search and return a results list matching your search parameters. Clicking the Clear Search button will clear the Search box. Information on how to improve your search results can be found within Search Tips, accessible via the Tool Bar at the top of the window, shown below.

Fuzzy searching expands your search results to include very near matches on your search term. The table below shows the levels of fuzzy search and their impact upon your search results.

Note: If a truncation (wildcard) character is used with the Fuzzy search feature set to On, the search will ignore the fuzzy search setting in favour of the search indicated by the wildcard character.

Once you have performed a search, items that match your search parameters are returned in a results list. Results are, by default, sorted by ascending date. To sort by descending order, select the Order by drop-down list at the top right hand corner of the Results List, then click on descending, as shown below.  

The Results by Section area, on the left hand side of the screen, allows you to limit your results to a particular section, such as News or Reviews.

To navigate to the previous and next page of a Results List, use the arrows to the left and right of the Results List page numbers or select the required page number. For each item within a Results List, a brief citation is provided. Each brief citation includes: Title, Section, Date, Page, Issue and Volume number. Clicking on the date of an item takes you directly to the first page on which the relevant article appears.

The Image View displays an image of the page containing the selected article. If the page is being viewed as a result of a keyword search the search term(s) will be highlighted. The Document Tool Bar, shown below, appears on the left hand side of the Image View and allows you to:

	Show or hide the citation.
	Jump to the cover or contents page of an issue.
	Increase or decrease the viewing magnification.
	Search for a word within an article.
	Search for a word within an issue.
	Go to a specific page of an issue.
	Mark the item for future reference.

The Browse by Date feature, accessible via the Navigation Bar, allows you to browse each issue by date. Enter the year into the Browse Year box, then select the required month. The issues for that month will be displayed below the timeline. Alternatively, you may scroll the timeline using the arrows positioned at the ends of the timeline or by clicking in the correct place on the timeline. To view all the covers for issues from a particular year, click on the year displayed just before the first month. Clicking on a cover will display the entire contents of that issue. 

Thumbnail images and article details of the issue selected are then displayed, as shown below. Clicking on the details of an article will display the required image of the page you selected. The image will be displayed within the Image View. 

The Search History feature, accessible via the Navigation Bar, saves and displays a list of the searches conducted during a session. The search terms, limiters and fuzzy search level are captured when you enter a term and the Search button is clicked. Search History is automatically cleared when you close or time out of a session.

Within the Search History feature you can repeat or edit a previous search, and clear the search history. To repeat a previous search, click on the Search link next to the search you wish to repeat. To edit a search, click on the Edit link next to the search you wish to edit. To clear the search history click on the Clear History button.

Within a results list you can mark any items you find useful to create a personalised citation list. Items can be selected from the Results List by checking the box to the left of the brief citation or in the Document Tool Bar. After selecting one or more items you may view your citation list by clicking on the Marked Items button in the Tool Bar at the top of the window. Entries consist of a brief citation, as in the Results List, and are listed in the order in which they were selected. You have the option of emailing or printing this list.

To remove an item from your Marked Items list, simply deselect the box to the left of the citation, or click Remove in the Marked Items view.

Emailing: Click on the Email icon in the Tool Bar. Enter a name and email address. Click Send to email the Marked Items list to the email address entered.

Printing: Click on the Print icon in the Tool Bar. The Marked Items list will load into a ‘Print Friendly’ format. Click File and Print from the main browser tool bar.

The Print and Save feature allows you to print or save single or multiple images, up to a maximum of ten images. To print or save a single image, click on either the Print or Save button. To print or save a number of images enter the image numbers into the box provided. The images are then reformatted into a PDF format for printing or saving.

Marked Items lists and images can be emailed by clicking on the Email icon in the Tool Bar. Enter a name and email address and click Send. The recipient will receive an email containing links to the selected articles and their citations.

Help on how to cite Cengage Learning online products is available on the Cengage Learning website.